Transfomer

A very informative and interesting book published by US Department of interior Bureau of Reclamation, i am glad to share this pdf with you, i found it very useful.

It convers all the necessary aspects which required to maintain the TRANSFORMER as healthy as possible.

1- Introduction of transform

2- Routine Maintenances

3- Oil filled transformer maintenance

4- Gaskets

5- Transfomer oils

6- Transfomer oil test

7- Silicon Oil filled transformer

8- Transfomer testing

A transformer has no internal moving parts, and it transfers energy from one circuit to another by electromagnetic induction. External cooling may include heat exchangers, radiators, fans, and oil pumps. Radiators and fans are evident in figure 1. The large horizontal tank at the top is a conservator. Transformers are typically used because a change in voltage is needed. Power transformers are defined as transformers rated 

500 kVA and larger. Larger transformers are 

oil-filled for insulation and cooling; a typical 

GSU transformer may contain several thousand 

gallons of oil. One must always be aware of the 

possibility of spills, leaks, fires, and environmental risks this oil poses. Transformers smaller than 500 kVA are generally called 

distribution transformers. Pole-top and small, pad-mounted transformers that serve residences and small businesses are typically distribution transformers. Generator step-up transformers, used in Reclamation powerplants, receive electrical energy at generator voltage and increase it to a higher voltage for transmission lines. Conversely, a step-down transformer receives energy at a higher voltage and delivers it at a lower voltage for distribution to various 

loads. All electrical devices using coils (in this case, transformers) are constant wattage devices. This means voltage multiplied by current 

must remain constant; therefore, when voltage is “stepped-up,” the current is “stepped-down” (and vice versa). Transformers transfer electrical energy between circuits completely insulated from each other. This makes it possible to use very high (stepped-up) voltages for transmission lines, resulting in a lower (stepped-down) current. 

Higher voltage and lower current reduce the required size and cost of transmission lines and reduce transmission losses as well. Transformers have made possible economic delivery of electric power over long distances. Transformers do not require as much attention as most other equipment; however, the care and maintenance they do require is absolutely critical. Because of their reliability, maintenance is sometimes ignored, causing reduced service life and, at times, outright failure.

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Below is the other topics

1- Basics of transformer

2- Law's related to transformer